Backgrund & Objectives: Obsessive–, Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric ailment. Although Pharmacotherapy combined with psychotherapy (cognitive–, behavioral therapy, exposure and response prevention therapy) are the mainstays of OCD treatment, still a lot of patients do not respond adequately to these treatments. One reason is that the above mentioned treatments do not focus on emotions, interpersonal relationships and intimacy that play important role in psychiatric ailments. The role of emotions in psychiatric ailments has been noticed by researchers in previous studies. GUILT FEELING is a very important emotion that has always been considered in the etiology and treatment of OCD. Psychodrama is a form of group psychotherapy which emphasizes on emotions, catharsis and interpersonal relationships. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of psychodrama in improving psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and mood disorders as well as excoriation (skin picking) as a comorbid disorder with OCD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama on improvement of FEELING of GUILT in patients with obsessive–, compulsive disorder. Methods: This research was implemented via a quasi–, experimental method with pretest–, posttest design with contro group. Statistical population were all OCD patients referred to NikAvin psychology and counseling clinic in Isfahan, Iran. 24 OCD patients (16 females and eight males) who were diagnosed with OCD by a psychiatrist and according to the Maudsley Obsessive–, Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into equal–, sized experimental and control groups (n=12). Data were collected before and after the intervention using GUILT Inventory (Asgari, 2009) extracted from revised version of Eysenck Personality Inventory (1985). The experimental group attended in 12 group sessions of psychodrama therapy. Three sessions were held each week for four weeks. The content of the treatment sessions in this study was created and designed by the first author of the article (Shirani) in 2020 in accordance with Moreno's therapeutic techniques and based on the manual of Karp et al. (2005). To evaluate the validity of the psychodrama package, the content validity index (CVI) and the opinion of five university experts were used and its value was 0. 8 for all sessions, which indicates the desired CVI according to the cutting points of this index for the package. To analyze the data from descriptive statistics indicators (mean and standard deviation) and from inferential statistics including statistical method of analysis of covariance was used in SPSS software version 23 at a significance level of p<0. 05. Results: The results showed that after eliminating the effect of pretest, a significant difference was observed in the variable score of FEELING of GUILT in the posttest between the experimental group and the control group (p<0. 001). Conclusion: It is cocluded that psychodrama therapy has a significant effect on reducing the FEELING of GUILT in OCD patients. Therefore, it is recommended that this treatment, along with medication or exposure and response prevention therapy be provided to help OCD patients.

Aim: The purpose of this study was survey the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on perfectionism and GUILT FEELING in student.Methods: Field experimental research design and a pretest - posttest control group was used, statistical society was all of students in first half year of 90-91 academic year in Esfahan Daneshpajoohan university. Of 14 sample in the experimental group and 14 sample in the control group were selected through random multistage sampling and also measurement tools is Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale and the Eysenck GUILT test which in order made by Najarian, Atari and Zargar (1378) and Eysenck. Statistical method for data analysis was multivariate analysis of covariance.Results: The result of MANCOVA indicated that cognitive-behavioral inventory significantly reduces perfectionism and GUILT FEELING. Furthermore, this effect was sustained at one month follow up.Conclusion: cognitive-behavioral inventory reduces perfectionism and GUILT FEELING by correcting people’s thought about benefits and harms of perfectionism thought and infrastructure believes. It is suggested that according to the impact of perfectionism in all aspects of individual and social life, affected people be identified in childhood and necessary actions be done about them.

Introduction: Studies show that 60% of working women are struggling with work-life balance. Which most of the problems are related to mother-child relationship The present study aims at studying the psychological dynamics of women's employment on their mother-child relationship. The purpose of this study is theoretical explanation of women's employment in mother-child relationship. Methods: The present paper was part of a grounded theory study. The research participants were based on theoretical sampling of 14 married women working in Yazd city and were interviewed indepth and unstructured interviews. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation In this study, open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used to analyze data in so doing, data collection and analysis were done simultaneously. Results: The findings were presented through careful study of the research interview transcriptions, the main propositions, concepts, main categories, and finally, the core category in a long, precise, detailed, and conceptual process. Consequently, this study included 30 concepts, 13 main categories, and one core category, titled as "mother GUILT FEELING ". Conclusion: The present study showed that although some women employed in the face of the challenges of employment in the mother-child relationship have used positive strategies that have had a positive effect such as "increasing child age and satisfaction". But there were more negative consequences for working mothers. Because they are faced with the duality of roles and responsibilities, working mothers also think that their absence may result in harm to their children when they are not involved with their child. Thus, in accordance with this process and the causal factors, the underlying and the confounding conditions, the phenomenon of " mother GUILT FEELING " is formed.

Introduction: Marital commitment is an important factor in the consistency and mental health of the families. Marital commitment is related to various interpersonal or intrapersonal variables such as mental health and GUILT FEELING. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of dimensions of mental health and GUILT FEELING with marital commitment in married people.Procedure: In this study, 98 subjects were randomly selected from among the employees of Education Ministry in Sanandaj. The data were gathered by the marital commitment questionnaire, general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and Ahmadpour’s GUILT FEELING questionnaire (2007). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, stepwise regression and independent t- test via SPSS 16.0.Findings: The result of the regression showed that FEELING of GUILT and anxiety and sleep disorders can predict marital commitment in married people. There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of marital commitment.Results: Marital commitment and loyalty is higher in people with higher degrees of mental health. Since marital commitment is independent of gender, it is suggested that there should be general plans for improving mental health for all people with.

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the bias toward signs related to GUILT FEELING in the course of information processing in obsessive-compulsive patients. Method: Within the framework of a quasi-experimental design, 20 obsessive-compulsive patients through a Stroop Test were compared with 20 depressed and 20 normal subjects. Findings: The findings of the study demonstrated that the obsessive-compulsive patients took more time to read GUILT related color-signs; the depressed subjects too showed the same delay when compared to the normal group. No significant difference in lapsed time was noted among the three groups in relation to the signs lacking emotional load. Results: The results verify previous research findings concerning obsessive-compulsive disorder, which emphasize the role of GUILT FEELING as a foregrounding, exposing, or maintaining factor in this disorder. The clinical advices derived from the results of this research are to take notice of this symptom in the cognitive treatment of obsessive patients and attempting to reduce it.

The aim of the current study was to study the relationship between personality traits, moral behavior and the FEELING of GUILT with compulsory citizenship behavior. Thus, 320 teachers at Isfahan female high schools were chosen by stratified random sampling method and proportional to demographic share of each region as a sample. The research method was casual-comparative-correlation method and the study tools included the measures of Vigoda-Gadot Compulsory Citizenship Behavior Scale, Costa & McCrae, Personality Traits Inventory, Lussier, Moral Behavior Inventory, The FEELING of GUILT Scale Marschall, Sanftner & Tangney. The data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and the structural equation modeling. Results revealed that, there was a negative relationship between personality traits (the extroversion characteristics, being pleasant, being conscientious) with compulsory citizenship behavior, and a negative relationship with flexibility, and a significant and positive relationship with psychotic characteristic. Results of the structural equation modeling showed that between personality traits, there is a direct and significant relationship between the dimensions of being conscientious and being pleasant with moral behavior. In addition there was a direct and significant relationship between the characteristics of being conscientious, flexibility, extroversion and psychotic with the FEELING of GUILT, and there was a direct and significant relationship between moral behavior variable and the FEELING of GUILT with compulsory citizenship behavior.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship of attachment styles, marital satisfaction, and FEELING of sex GUILT with sexual desire in women. Method: Subjects were 192 married female students with the age range of 18-40 from University of Welfare Sciences and Rehabilitation, Tarbiat Modarres University and Islamic Azad University who participated in the present study by filling out the Adult Attachment Styles Index, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, Mosher Revised Sex-GUILT Inventory and Hurlbert Index of Sexual Desire. Method of sampling was multistage clustering. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Results: Findings showed that there is significant relationship between sexual desire with secure attachment style (r=0.283, p< 0.01), insecure avoidant attachment style (r=-0.321, p< 0.01), insecure ambivalent attachment style (r=0.144, p< 0.05), marital satisfaction (r=0.512, p< 0.01) and FEELING of sex GUILT (r=-0.442, p< 0.01). There was also significant negative relationship between sexual desire with age (r=-0.553, p< 0.01) and marital duration (r=-0.349, p< 0.01). Of all research variables, marital satisfaction, insecure ambivalent attachment style and FEELING of sex GUILT were able to predict 48.9 percent of the variance of sexual desire. Conclusion: Results of the present study show that those women with secure and ambivalent attachment styles and also higher levels of marital satisfaction, experience higher levels of sexual desire. On the other hand, women with avoidant attachment style, higher levels of FEELING of sex GUILT, older in age, and longer marital duration, experience lower levels of sexual desire.

Objective: This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on GUILT FEELING among family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study where in the pre-test and post-test control group design was employed. The statistical population of this study consisted of the female family caregivers of the Alzheimer’s patients who were referred to the Iran Alzheimer’s Association in 2012. Among this population, 32 volunteers were selected via convenience sampling method and were then randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The participants of both groups filled in the GUILT FEELING questionnaire and caregiver GUILT questionnaire in both the pre-test and post-test phases. The therapy program lasted for 14 sessions. Multivariate regression analysis and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that the levels of overall GUILT and caregiver GUILT had significantly decreased in the experimental group after the exposure of this group to cognitive-behavioral group therapy as compared to the pre-test and control group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, cognitive-behavioral group therapy was found to reduce the overall GUILT and caregiver GUILT among the family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients. This therapeutic method is recommended as a cost-effective treatment to be used by family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients.

Background & Objectives: The main characteristics of Obsessive–, Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are unwanted, repetitive, and intrusive thoughts, as well as repetitive and disturbing systematical behaviors that are performed to avoid anxiety or neutralize obsessive thoughts. Obstructive patterns of perfectionism and inflexibility are characteristic of patients with OCD. Perfectionism is defined as a set of highly desirable criteria for performance and is associated with extreme critical evaluation. Perfectionism has consequences such as depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and GUILT FEELING. Compassionate therapy is one of the postmodern treatments and a behavioral approach. This treatment is based on physiological (psycho–, neural) principles. Many studies have found self–, compassion as a strong predictor of mental health promotion. Among the characteristics of patients with OCD are endemic patterns of perfectionism and rigidity. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassionate therapy on perfectionism and GUILT FEELING in female adolescents with OCD living in Yazd City, Iran. Methods: This research method was quasi–, experimental with a pretest–, posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all female secondary high school students in Yazd who were studying in the 2016–, 2017 academic year. The sample consisted of 30 female high school students with OCD. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The number of students in each group was 15. In the experimental group, students were trained in self–, improvement techniques. However, these techniques were not taught to the control group. The study data were collected using Obsessive–, Compulsive Inventory–, Revised (Foa et al., 2002), Ahwaz Perfectionism Scale (Najarian et al., 1999), and GUILT Inventory (Kugler & Jones, 1992). The experimental group was treated with compassionate therapy techniques in eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including an analysis of covariance in SPSS software. The level of significance was considered 0. 05. Results: The results showed that by removing the effect of pretest scores, teaching compassion therapy techniques significantly reduced the scores of perfectionism (p<0. 001) and GUILT (p=0. 003) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the techniques of compassionate mind therapy can be used as a practical approach to reducing perfectionism and the GUILT of female adolescents with OCD.

This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the views of Self-injury adolescents about the FEELINGs of GUILT and shame transmitted from their parents to make them aware of the nature of this subject. This study was a qualitative one and statistical population was whole high schools of Baneh' city that selected three schools by cluster random sampling method. After screening, 7 male teenage students with self-harming behavior were interviewed. The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews and data were analyzed by inductive qualitative content analysis method. The validity of this study was rooted in four pillars: "Credibility, Transmissibility, Confidentiality and Confidence. " The six of intrinsic were extracted and in the three main categories, including the type of GUILTy and shameful FEELINGs, the sources of transferring FEELINGs of GUILT and shame and the consequences of the transfer of FEELING GUILTy and shame were categorized. The Kind of thoughts (expectations) and negative behaviors of parents played a key role in the formation of negative emotions such as GUILT and shame of adolescents and their tendency towards Self-mutilation behavior.